2018 FICA Taxes, Unemployment Insurance, & Workers Comp for Owners

When you hire employees, you not only have to pay their wages but will also have to cover the associated payroll taxes and workers comp. Payroll taxes include Social Security and Medicare taxes (FICA taxes) and unemployment taxes. In addition, if you operate in a state other than Texas, you have to purchase workers compensation insurance.

If you want to avoid the stress and hassle of manually paying FICA taxes and unemployment insurance, you can use a payroll program like Gusto. Their payroll software manages all aspects of payroll, including automatically paying payroll taxes and more. Sign up for a free trial and your first month is free.

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Employer Payroll Tax Rates & Unemployment Insurance

*Avg new employer rates

Based on the above chart, you could pay an average of $3,600 in FICA tax, unemployment tax and workers comp insurance for an employee earning $30,000 per year.

Note: Keep in mind that state unemployment rates will vary depending on how often you fire employees and how many of those employees who have been fired receive unemployment benefits. Each year around November or December, you will receive your new rate in the mail. If you do not receive this information, you should contact the employment development office to obtain this information.

FICA Taxes (Social Security + Medicare)

Social security and Medicare taxes are also known as FICA taxes. This makes up the bulk of payroll taxes you must pay as an employer. These FICA taxes are paid either monthly or bi-monthly and reported quarterly using Form 941. This is typically automatically facilitated by a payroll software like Gusto.

The 2 FICA tax rates for employers are:

• Social Security tax rate – You must pay 6.2% of employee salary/wages, up to a maximum wage of $127,200 (2017 tax year) or $128,700 (2018 tax year)
• Medicare tax rate – You must pay 1.45% of employee salary/wages; unlike Social Security, there is no salary/wage cap.

Employers and employees each contribute 50% of the entire Social Security and Medicare tax (FICA tax). This means that the actual Social Security tax rate is 12.4% and the actual Medicare tax rate is 2.9%. However, employers are only responsible for paying 50% of these taxes and withholding the remaining 50% from employee paychecks.

Social Security Tax Rate Example

Let’s assume that you have an employee that earned $128,000 for the year. Here is how you would calculate your employer share of Social Security taxes:

$127,200 X 0.062 = $7,886.40

Since this employee’s salary of $128,000 exceeded the salary cap of $127,200 for Social Security, your employer share of Social Security is based on 6.2% of $127,200 and not the entire $128,000 that the employee earned for the year. Remember, however, that you pay these taxes either monthly or bi-monthly, stopping only after an employee has hit the $127,200 annual threshold.

Medicare Tax Rate Example

For Medicare, we used the total salary of $128,000 that was earned to calculate your employer share of Medicare. This is because unlike Social Security, there is no salary/wage cap on Medicare. Here’s how you would calculate your employer share of Medicare taxes for an employee who earns $128,000 annually:

$128,000 X 0.0145 = $1,856.00

Remember that Medicare taxes are also paid either monthly or bi-monthly. For step by step instructions on how to pay your FICA taxes and accurately report payments using Form 941, check out our Fica and Form 941 tax guide.

Unemployment Insurance (FUTA & SUTA)

As an employer, you are also required to pay unemployment insurance at both the federal and state level for each of your employees. These are known as either federal unemployment tax (FUTA) or state unemployment tax (SUTA). These taxes are due annually and filed using Form 940; you pay this tax regardless of whether or not you actually have a former employee collecting unemployment.

State Unemployment Tax Rates

State unemployment tax (SUTA) rates are set by the state for each employer. SUTA rates are generally based on the number of employees that you have fired and how many of those employees make unemployment claims.

Depending on the process established by your respective state, you will either receive your unemployment rate via snail mail or electronically sometime between October through December. Typical rates range from 2.7% – 3.4%+. This rate is effective beginning January 1, of the following year.

Federal Unemployment Tax Rates

Federal unemployment tax rates (known as FUTA) is a flat 6%. However, if you have paid your state unemployment taxes on time, your FUTA tax is reduced to 0.6%. The current exception to this rule is employers in the state of California & the Virgin Islands. The state of California & the Virgin Islands owe money to the federal government, so as a result California & Virgin Island employers must pay 2.1% for FUTA tax.

FUTA tax is only assessed on the first $7,000 in wages for each employee. For California & Virgin Island employers, this would result in $147 per employee ($7,000 times 0.021). For employers in the remaining 48 states, this would be $42 per employee ($7,000 times 0.006).

For more information on FUTA tax rates and filing requirements, check out our full guide on FUTA and Form 940.

Workers Compensation Insurance

In addition to the payroll tax obligations, you are also required to carry workers’ compensation insurance. Workers comp insurance covers your employees in case they are injured on the job. Every state except for Texas requires employers to carry workers compensation insurance.

In most states, workers compensation insurance is sold and underwritten by private companies, although some states require you or allow you to buy it from specific state-managed carriers. In general, workers compensation insurance costs are based on industry. The riskier the job, the higher the rate.

For example, the rate for a roofer is about $21.32 per every $100 in wages vs. someone who works in an office like an accountant, whose rate is approximately 17 cents per $100 in wages. Rates will also vary by state, so be sure to check out our full guide to workers’ comp insurance.

The Bottom Line – FICA Tax

Whether you have just hired your first employee or you’ve had employees for a while, keeping up with new hire requirements can be overwhelming. One component of these requirements is that you adhere to and pay all necessary payroll taxes like FICA Tax.

Luckily, Gusto is able to handle full cycle payroll, which includes setting up employees, calculating paychecks, and calculating all of the payroll taxes we have discussed in this article. You can also purchase and set up workers comp with Gusto. Sign up here for a free 30-day trial.

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