When an employee receives a court-ordered document calling them for jury duty, you, as the employer, must provide them with time off to attend to it. This is where having a jury duty policy will come in handy—it will outline who is eligible, whether it is paid, and what process to follow.
Although federal law does not require employers to pay employees while on jury duty, some state regulations do require it. To ensure you are fully compliant with both federal and state laws read through your relevant local laws and download our free template for guidance.
Elements of a Jury Duty Policy
When adding a jury duty policy to your employee handbook, indicate if you will pay your employees while they serve on jury duty—and be aware of any state laws that require you to do so to maintain compliance. If there are no specific state laws in your area, consider the following:
The first thing to consider when creating a jury duty policy is whether your entire staff is eligible. Eligibility typically includes full-time salaried employees. You can decide if you want to pay part-time or hourly employees while they are on jury duty.
You must decide if you plan to pay your workers their full salary or a portion thereof. Some employers pay the difference between an employee’s salary and the stipend they receive from the court.
Some businesses limit the amount of days an employee will be paid for jury duty. If their service is required beyond those days, the employee can use paid time off (PTO) or unpaid time off. Again, there are specific state laws that prevent you from requiring your employee to use PTO, so be sure to check your state.
You will need to determine and make clear in your jury duty policy for salaried employees what an employee is required to do when summoned to jury duty. For example, you will want to consider:
- How soon an employee should notify their supervisor about a jury duty summons or provide a copy of the summons to HR
- When should an employee use PTO to serve jury duty (i.e., after a certain number of days)
- Whether the employee should reimburse the company for the amount of jury duty pay received from the courts
- The protocol for returning to work following a partial court day
We recommend using an all-in-one HR management software like Bambee to help track time off requests for jury duty, store your policies, and properly handle onboarding for employees.
Federal Jury Duty Requirements
US federal law is clear about what you must do as an employer when your employee is summoned for jury duty. As an employer:
- You must excuse the employee from work to attend jury duty
- You may be required to pay an exempt employee their regular salary while on jury duty
- You may not be required to pay a non-exempt employee for work hours missed
- You may ask the employee to notify you in advance
- You may ask the employee to postpone jury duty based on a business need
- You may request an employee to “return to work” if dismissed/excused before the end of the business day if they’re not selected for jury duty
In addition to federal jury duty requirements that instruct an employer to provide unpaid time off, employers are not responsible for paying employees any compensation for absence due to jury duty—unless there is a company policy, contract, collective bargaining agreement, or state law that applies.
Jury Duty Leave Laws by State
Several states have guidelines in place outside of the federal requirements regarding jury duty leave and whether or not you must provide paid time off for jury duty to your employees for this leave. Click on any state below to learn jury duty leave laws by state.
Jury Duty Laws by State
Alabama
Employers in Alabama are required to provide paid time off for their employees to attend jury duty. Employees must be paid at their regular hourly rate for all jury duty hours that fall within a normal workday.
Alaska
N/A
Arizona
In Arizona, employers are only required to provide unpaid jury duty leave to their employees. An employer is not allowed to request that an employee use paid time off—such as vacation, sick, or personal leave—to attend jury duty.
Arkansas
Private-sector employers in the state of Arkansas are only required to provide unpaid jury duty leave to their employees, whereas state employers must provide paid jury duty leave to their workers. Additionally, an employer is not allowed to request that an employee use PTO to attend jury duty.
California
N/A
Colorado
Colorado employers are required to provide paid time off to their employees to attend jury duty. Regular employees (full-time, part-time, temporary, and casual employees with a set schedule) must be paid at their regular hourly rate (not to exceed $50 per day unless mutually agreed) for up to three days of jury duty service.
Connecticut
Employers in Connecticut are required to provide paid time off to their employees to attend jury duty. Full-time employees (who work a minimum of 30 hours per week within the 90 days before jury duty) must be paid at their regular hourly rate for the first five days of jury duty service.
Delaware
N/A
District of Columbia
Employers in the District of Columbia are required to pay their full-time employees for jury duty service. Employees are entitled to their full wages, less jury duty payments, for the first five days of service.
Florida
N/A
Georgia
Employers in Georgia are required to provide unpaid leave to employees for jury duty service. In 1989, the Attorney General advised that employers should provide employees with pay during jury duty service; however, it is not a requirement.
Hawaii
N/A
Idaho
N/A
Illinois
N/A
Indiana
In Indiana, employers are only obligated to provide unpaid leave to employees for jury duty. While an employee is free to use PTO during their jury duty time, no employer can require employees to take time off.
Iowa
N/A
Kansas
Employers in Kansas are required to provide unpaid leave for their employees to attend jury duty. Private employers are not obligated to provide paid time off; however, state employers must pay their employees their regular wages during jury duty.
Kentucky
N/A
Louisiana
Louisiana employers are required to provide paid leave to employees for jury duty. Employees are entitled to one day of full compensation. Employers may not require employees to use paid time off or sick leave during their jury duty obligations.
Maine
N/A
Maryland
Employers in Maryland are not obligated to pay employees for missed time due to jury duty service. Employees with a jury duty compensation clause in their employment contract must be paid an offset to the amount the court provides for jury duty service. Additionally, employers cannot require their employees to use paid time off during their service and may not require employees to work between the hours of 5 p.m. and 3 a.m. if they serve for four or more hours on jury duty that day.
Massachusetts
In Massachusetts, employers are required to provide paid jury duty leave to all regular employees. Employees are entitled to pay for up to three days of jury duty service. After three days, the state will pay employees $50 per day for jury duty service. Additionally, an employer may not discharge employees because they serve on a jury.
Michigan
N/A
Minnesota
N/A
Mississippi
Employers in Mississippi are only required to provide unpaid jury duty leave to their employees. However, state employees may be given administrative leave with pay during their jury duty service.
Missouri
In Missouri, employers are only required to provide unpaid leave to their employees serving on jury duty. Additionally, employers are not allowed to require employees to use paid time off during their jury duty service.
Montana
N/A
Nebraska
Nebraska employers are required to provide paid leave to their employees for jury duty service. Employees must be excused with pay by their employer for the total number of days they are required to serve on jury duty. Employers may pay full wages to their employees, pay the difference between full wages and the compensation given by the courts, or pay full wages and request the employee to donate their court compensation.
Nevada
Employers in Nevada are only required to provide unpaid leave to their employees that serve on jury duty. An employee cannot be required to use their paid time off during their jury duty service. Additionally, employees may not be required to work within eight hours of their jury duty service and/or between the hours of 5 p.m. and 3 a.m. if they serve at least four hours of jury duty.
New Hampshire
N/A
New Jersey
In New Jersey, employers are required to provide unpaid leave for their employees to attend jury duty. Any full-time state employee is entitled to receive their full compensation in place of court compensation while on jury duty.
New Mexico
N/A
New York
Employers in New York are required to provide unpaid jury duty leave to their employees. Employers with fewer than 10 employees may withhold wages of any employees who serve on jury duty; however, employers with 10 or more employees must pay the first $40 per diem for the first three days of jury duty.
North Carolina
N/A
North Dakota
N/A
Ohio
N/A
Oklahoma
N/A
Oregon
N/A
Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania, employers are only required to provide unpaid leave to their employees who must attend jury duty. Additionally, it is mandatory for employers in the retail and service industry with 15 or more employees, as well as manufacturers with 40 or more employees, to provide this unpaid leave.
Rhode Island
N/A
South Carolina
N/A
South Dakota
N/A
Tennessee
Tennessee employers are required to provide paid leave to employees for their service on jury duty. Employees are entitled to their full wages, minus any court compensation, and travel reimbursements to and from the courthouse. Employers with five or fewer employees are not obligated to pay employees for jury duty service.
Texas
N/A
Utah
In Utah, employers are only required to provide unpaid leave to their employees serving on jury duty. Additionally, employers are not allowed to require employees to use paid time off during their jury duty service.
Vermont
N/A
Virginia
Employers in Virginia are required to provide unpaid leave to their employees for jury duty service. Additionally, employees may not be required to work within eight hours of their jury duty service and/or between the hours of 5 p.m. and 3 a.m. if they serve at least four hours of jury duty.
Washington
N/A
West Virginia
N/A
Wisconsin
N/A
Wyoming
N/A
Potential Reasons to Be Excused From Jury Duty
Not all individuals called to jury duty will serve. Many will be dismissed by the courts for any number of reasons. Others may have a legitimate reason they cannot attend; whether it be a personal or business reason.
Personal Excuse
Your employee may have a personal reason why he or she cannot attend jury duty. In this case, you may only need to pay the employee for one day, as they potentially will not return.
Some common personal reasons to be excused from jury duty (only at the discretion of the courts) include:
- Medical reasons
- Undue hardship
- Military involvement
- Student status
- Dependent care
Business Excuse
You can write a letter to the courts in an attempt to excuse your employee from jury duty if it will cause severe hardship to your business. If you choose to do this, you must explain in the letter how the employee serving on a jury will impact your business and provide documentation. Courts still have the final decision on this, and your letter does not guarantee that your employee will be released from jury duty.
Some possible examples for your employee to be excused from jury duty include:
- Valid business reason: The employee is your only “licensed agent” on staff
- Valid business scheduling conflict: The employee is scheduled for a business event or trip that cannot be postponed
- Financial hardship: Your business risks losing income if the employee is out
- Seasonal business: Your business is seasonal and/or you do not have enough employees
We’ve provided two sample letters to help you request a judge postpone or reschedule jury duty for your employee based on business needs.
Jury Duty Policy Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Should employees be required to return jury duty payments?
Anyone who serves on jury duty will receive a small stipend per day for their service (anywhere from $10-$50 depending on the type of service). Some employers allow employees to keep this payment along with their regular salary, whereas others may require employees to reimburse the company for the total amount provided by the courts. If you do plan to require your employees to reimburse any money received by the courts, make sure this is clearly stated in your policy.
Am I required to provide time off for my employee to attend jury duty?
Yes. Federal law mandates that you must allow at a minimum unpaid time off for your employees to attend jury duty. Some states require that you provide paid time off. Click on your state in our interactive map to see if you must provide paid or unpaid time off.
What type of employee is exempt from jury duty?
The majority of employees at a small business will not be exempt from jury duty. However, people in the following full-time professions are exempt from federal jury duty: active duty military, fire and police professionals (does not include volunteer), and public officers (federal, state, or local governments).
Bottom Line
Adding a jury duty leave policy to your employee handbook is a best practice in employee management. This clearly communicates to your employees what is expected of them and whether or not they will receive compensation from the business. Be sure to determine which states require employers to pay employees for jury duty and follow through with paying employees where it is required.
Certified HR specialists at Bambee can create a jury policy fully compliant with all federal, state, and local laws. You get a certified HR manager who will work with you to craft, implement, and securely store the HR policies your business needs.
