What Is Cross Merchandising? Definition & Strategies
Meaghan has provided content and guidance for indie retailers as the editor for a number of retail publications and a speaker at trade shows. She is Fit Small Business’s authority on retail and ecommerce.
Brigitte is a retail specialist and staff writer with brick and mortar management experience. She is versed in retail sales analysis, merchandising, and buying with an emphasis in retail sales and marketing across platforms. She has a BA in writing from Washington University, St. Louis.
This article is part of a larger series on Retail Management.
Cross merchandising is the practice of displaying items from different product categories together to incentivize customers to make multi-item purchases. Cross merchandising provides value to customers by reminding them of a need, sparking ideas, and streamlining their shopping process. On the flip side of the coin, cross merchandising adds value to you, the business owner, by driving sales.
In this article, we will explore both in-store and online cross merchandising strategies so you can start reaping the rewards.
1. Drive Impulse Sales With Complementary Items
The most common type of cross merchandising is placing items typically used or consumed together in the same area to promote a joint purchase. This strategy is used across all industries and can help drive impulse buys.
For example, some grocery stores will display packets of cookie dough along with milk, bottles of wine with gourmet cheeses, or waffle cones with ice cream, as even though they are in different product categories, they are often purchased and used together. Placing complementary items in the same display will also streamline the shopping experience for your customers, making it easier to find items that logically go together without having to search the whole store.
A popular complementary items strategy involves placing a primary item with a smaller, less expensive add-on item. This technique is also known as secondary product placement and will make customers more likely to make add-on purchases.
This grocer places waffle cone squares in the refrigerator door for ice cream to drive customers to pick up a pack when they grab their favorite cold treat. (Source: Sales & Orders)
Trader Joe’s puts taco ingredients together in the same display to show customers how the products work together for an easy dinner. (Source: Pinterest)
This store adds first aid kits to their children’s bike display to remind parents to get everything they need for safe play. (Source: Reddit)
2. Spark Ideas With Thematic Cross Merchandising
Thematic cross merchandising is when items are placed together based on a theme such as an upcoming holiday or the start of the school year. Thematic displays often bring together products from various departments to provide a solution or spark an idea.
For example, at my boutique, we would always highlight Valentine’s Day by creating a table and rack display featuring our red, sexy, and love-themed pieces. Additionally, we would pull items from everywhere in the store—from jewelry to cards to Valentine’s specific add-ons like stuffed bears and chocolate hearts. This made it easy for shoppers to throw a date outfit or gift together without having to search the whole store or start their ideas from scratch.
Thematic merchandising will often feature theme-specific items that are only on the sales floor for a limited time, like the stuffed bears and chocolate hearts mentioned above. Layer these items with your regular products to help move through seasonal merchandise and spark ideas on how “normal” products can work for the season in question.
A store creates a Valentine’s Day display, featuring everything you could need for the perfect V-Day gift.
(Source: Green Purse PR)
This back-to-school display reminds shoppers of all the school supplies, apparel, and other knickknacks students need to start their year right. (Source: Pinterest)
An Olympics-themed display shows shoppers all the festive outfits they could wear to celebrate the event.
(Source: Quartz)
Interested in learning more about merchandising strategies to help drive your sales? Check out our article on visual merchandising strategies for a comprehensive guide.
3. Make Products Stand Out With Contrasting Merchandise
Placing items together that are unrelated or contrast each other is another cross merchandising strategy. Retailers use this strategy to make customers pause and really look at the products on display.
For example, in the spring, grocery and box retailers will sometimes display Peeps marshmallows all over their stores so shoppers know they are available; or around Halloween, some retailers will display spooky decor or fun-size candy in unexpected places to remind shoppers of the upcoming holiday.
Contrasting product merchandising is great when you want to highlight a product that doesn’t move well by placing it with one of your bestsellers. It can also be used to draw awareness to seasonal or limited-time items.
This seller placed Nutella’s new product, Nutella & Go, in an unexpected spot, making customers stop and look. (Source: Fit Small Business)
4. Boost Margins With Substitute Options
The use of substitute products is a type of cross merchandising strategy that places alternative solutions next to a more traditional product. The substitute product typically saves the shopper time by allowing them to see all their options in one place or inspires a more expensive product purchase, creating a higher margin for retailers.
This strategy is especially popular among retailers that carry their own line of products, as they can place their alternative next to the traditional brand name item. Additionally, this tactic is often used to showcase the more expensive version of the same product and incentivize customers to try something new or treat themselves.
Did you know?
Customers are more likely to buy items that are on eye level, so place your most expensive item substitute on eye-level shelves to incentivize the purchase of products with better margins.
For example, many grocery stores sell containers of pre-diced onions near the regular onion displays. Or, retailers place their brand of white T-shirts next to a fan favorite such as Hanes.
A grocer displays high price-point organic pasta next to popular lower-priced brands. (Source: Italy Magazine)
Attached to the fish and meats counter, this grocer displays prepared options, like sushi, enticing customers to skip the cooking and get a pre-prepared option. (Source: Store Brands)
This store displays all their IPA options in a single display, with the most expensive options sitting on eye-level shelves. (Source: Pinterest)
5. Incentivize Add-on Purchases With Impulse Items
Impulse item cross merchandising is when you place impulse items—products often purchased without forethought—in areas of your store where shoppers are most likely to notice these products. Impulse items are typically small, low-cost items that customers can easily add to their purchase. Think candy, junk jewelry, cards, or snacks. Places where impulse buys are likely to occur include the area around the register, store entrances, end-cap displays, and sale or bargain areas.
The most common example of impulse item cross merchandising is the grocery or convenience store checkout aisle. Here, there is usually an assortment of candy, magazines, chap sticks, mints, lighters, hair ties, and other low-cost odds and ends. These items have nothing in common other than being popular pieces that shoppers might purchase on a whim.
This convenience store places magazines and snacks in the checkout aisle to drive impulse shopping.
(Source: Center for Science in Public Interest)
A retailer places cards, magnets, and other impulse items on their cashwrap. (Source: Vend)
Make the ends of your aisles enticing by adding impulse items, like candy, to end cap displays so customers can't help but indulge. (Source: Statusphere)
6. Use Bestsellers to Draw Customers’ Attention
Retailers can also cross merchandise bestselling products with substitute or complementary products to draw customers’ attention and promote the sale of the surrounding items. By giving your bestsellers a standalone display or feature location alongside unrelated products, people will be drawn in by the product they recognize and more inclined to shop the entire section.
For example, at my store, we created complete outfits on our face-out racks that included one “staple piece,” or an item that we know customers loved, plus another “statement item,” or a new or bolder article, to complete the look. The staple piece worked to engage shoppers with something they knew, and by pairing it with another statement item, the second item was able to gain visibility and engagement as well.
Bestsellers are displayed near other product options to help them gain visibility and promote product exploration.
(Source: Array Marketing)
7. Inspire Customers With Complementary Rack Arrangements
Another cross merchandising strategy is arranging your racks with pieces that can go together to create a complete look. This will spark inspiration in your shoppers, and is a space-effective way to logically layer unrelated products and drive sales.
I suggest starting with a key piece—either something bright, printed, or a bestseller—and layering out with matching items from there. The key product will draw the customer’s attention, and the surrounding pieces will be logical add-ons to their look.
Additionally, merchandising each rack with a specific color family will make it easy for shoppers to find compatible pieces and incentivize them to purchase a matching product to go with their initial item.
For example, at my boutique, we would arrange our racks so that whenever we had a skirt or outerwear piece, some of our bestsellers, the surrounding items would be shirts or blouses that could easily match and make the interest piece into an outfit. Customers loved that when they grabbed a jacket off the rack, they didn’t have to search high and low for a matching shirt. In other cases, customers who only planned on purchasing one item would be more inclined to add a matching piece to their purchase. Who can blame them when the perfect blouse was hanging right there?
This boutique layers its racks with pieces that can be combined to make perfect outfits.
(Source: Boutique Store Design)
The faceout display show and outfit idea and the racks layer complementary pieces to make shopping easy.
(Source: Pinterest)
Keeping each rack to a color family makes it easy to mix and match pieces to create outfits in one place.
(Source: Daily Inspirato)
8. Draw Attention to Underperforming Products
Retailers can increase sales by placing slow-moving products in different store areas where they might gain more attention or where shoppers are more likely to realize a need the product will fulfill.
For example, Buehler’s Fresh Foods, a grocery store in the US, sold cherry pitters for years. However, they were not selling. Then, Buehler’s decided to place the cherry pitters in the produce section alongside bags of fresh cherries, and they sold out of cherry pitters in all 15 locations.
This strategy involves a lot of trial and error, so monitor how your underperforming products are doing as you move them to different places around the store. Every product has a customer—you just have to find a way to communicate with that customer through merchandising.
9. Utilize Product Demos & Samples to Show Use Cases
Product demonstrations and samples are when retailers create a display in which sales associates use products to show their utility or give out samples of products for customers to try. You can use cross merchandising in product demonstrations and samples by combining products from multiple departments to show how they can work together, inspiring customers to buy all the components to recreate the demos and samples at home.
For example, a home improvements store might demonstrate how you can make a birdhouse with your kids using several tools, a few hardware bits, some wood, and a paint kit. Or, a grocer might sample an easy dinner idea that combines just three ingredients from throughout the store.
Product demonstrations are particularly effective for selling food, drinks, kitchen gadgets, tools, etc., and are a great way to inspire customers to use products in ways they may not have thought of before. Samples and demos also offer an excellent opportunity to show off slow-selling or new products that customers might not be aware of.
This associate tells shoppers about a delicious cracker and dip combination that she is sampling. (Source: Southern Living)
When setting up a demonstration, ensure that all the products in use are placed around the display, so they are easy for customers to add to their cart right there. Additionally, be sure to provide your sales associates with all the product knowledge they could need to answer shoppers’ questions.
10. Make Product Connection Clear
When cross merchandising, you want to be sure that even though the products being displayed together are not departmentally related, their connection is logical and clear to shoppers. One of the great pitfalls of cross merchandising is when your merchandise placement is nonsensical to customers, as this will not only decrease your sales potential but may dampen your customers’ experience and sentiments about your business.
For example, say you are shopping at an art supply store and you find bleach displayed alongside black sweatshirts. Without making it clear that you can use the bleach to create fun, tie-dye designs on black clothing, this combination will not make sense to customers. This will not only give shoppers the impression that your store has an illogical or sloppy layout but will cause people to buy neither the sweats nor the bleach because there is no purchasing incentive.
To avoid this issue, use signage or demonstrations that make the product connection clear. You want to be sure that when you are cross merchandising, you are considering if the products would make sense to you as a customer. If the answer is no, you need to add display elements that will help create the connection.
The caption “Let’s Dunk This!” makes it clear that these cookies are made for the milk around them.
(Source: Fit Small Business)
This vendor lets shoppers know that all of the products in this display, while categorically different, are alike in that they are locally sourced. (Source: Shopify)
With the mannequins in completed outfits, it is clear that the pieces in this section are designed to go together to make complete looks. (Source: OUYEE Displays)
11. Try Bundling Strategies to Help Upsell
Effective both in-store and online, bundling is when a retailer packages several products together to be sold as a group—for example, a bath kit that includes bubble bath, a towel, loofah, and lotion. Bundling is a great strategy in cross merchandising, as you can bundle items from various departments in a cohesive way that will encourage customers to purchase multiple items in a single transaction.
Going back to the bath kit example, say a customer was visiting your store just to pick up some bubble bath, but they see the bath kit option on display and decide to purchase the bundle, walking away with four items when they only intended to buy one. Called an upsell, this is a great way to drive your sales.
Upselling: When you persuade the customer to upgrade their purchase by adding another item or choosing something more expensive.
Online, simply consider what products are typically used together, say batteries and a flashlight, and make those items available for both individual sale and as a bundle on your product pages. You can also make “frequently purchased together” suggestions, with the estimated price of all the items bundled together.
Bundling is an especially popular strategy around holidays, as bundled packages are great for easy gift-giving. Another way to incentivize bundle purchases is to offer the bundle at a discount, where purchasing the items individually would cost more than buying them in the set. This will give customers the sense that they got a great deal, while driving up your average ticket value.
This bath kit bundles an array of products that can be purchased together.
(Source: Instagram: HerbivoreBotanicals)
This retailer makes it easy for customers to get everything they need for a complete tool kit by selling all the components together. (Source: The Home Depot)
This wellness bundle includes all of the key products from the brand as well as a mixing tool so you have everything you need. (Source: LoveSweatFitness)
On many product pages, Amazon shows complementary items frequently purchased together bundled into one price. (Source: Pure360)
12. Use Lifestyle Examples to Demonstrate Utility
A popular online cross merchandising strategy is to use lifestyle examples to show how products can be used in real life. This can be accomplished through:
- Photos: Add lifestyle photos to your website to illustrate your products in real life.
- Blog posts: Write blog posts that talk about your products and how they can be used day-to-day.
- Influencer demonstrations: Reach out to influencers, and have them use your products in a post to show how a real person puts your merchandise to use.
- Product catalogs: Create a product catalog that provides information about product features and uses.
Want to learn more about incorporating a blog into your online presence? Check out our article on starting an Instagram blog.
Retailers will often feature their lifestyle content on their homepage, so as soon as customers enter their online storefront, they are inspired and can see a real-life example of how they might use your products.
For cross merchandising, your lifestyle content will work similarly to an in-store demonstration, when you are able to combine several products and show how they can be used together. For example, you might enter a website and the first thing you see is a group of models clad in the brand’s clothing while exploring the city or eating out, or someone using the seller’s pasta maker in their home kitchen, along with the brand’s new dinnerware and flatware lines.
This website’s homepage features three lifestyle scenes, demonstrating real-life uses for the products.
(Caption: Magicpin)
This home goods retailer features an Inspiration Blog where shoppers can see how their products can work together to create beautiful homes with different feels, like the “Modern and Mindful Coastal Home” blog post we see here. (Source: Crate and Barrel)
This clothing brand uses influencer content to demonstrate how to wear its pieces and show real-life use cases. (Source: Instagram)
13. Make Add-on Suggestions
Add-on suggestions are when online retailers display complementary items on another piece’s product page so they can easily be added to shoppers’ carts. This strategy can be used to show customers all their options (think alternate colors or models), spark inspiration, and incentivize add-on purchases.
A popular example of this strategy is the “Complete the Look” suggestion. This is when clothing retailers will show the pants, jewelry, and bag that make the blouse you clicked on into a complete outfit.
Add-on suggestions are also a great cross-selling strategy because by showing related pieces on the initial product’s page, you are making it tempting and easy for customers to add items to their purchases.
Cross-selling: When retailers present additional products to their users that are logical add-ons to their primary product and can easily be added to their order.
These “complete the look” suggestions show how the Neo Noir Top can be worn, making it easy for shoppers to buy a whole outfit. (Source: Shopify Community)
This online grocery service suggests other ingredients that you might need to make a smoothie when shoppers are on the blueberry product page. (Source: Instacart)
On the product page for this blouse, H&M provides both product suggestions to make a complete outfit as well as other similar products that the shopper might enjoy. (Source: H&M)
Another great opportunity for making product suggestions comes when customers enter their shopping carts. If you are able to monitor what people have already selected and are planning on buying, you can suggest other products that complement or are similar to the items in their carts. This is a great opportunity to cross merchandise products that customers may have missed, and it places them conveniently so customers don’t have to search your whole website.
For example, say a customer has a few summer blouses in her cart, so you have a pop-up in the cart that advertises your sandal special, another summer item from a different department.
An in-cart pop-up for sandals directs this summer shopper to more fun pieces to complement her blouses.
(Source: Nielsen Norman Group)
Tracking & Improving Your Cross Merchandising’s Effectiveness
When defining what makes your cross merchandising effective, it all comes down to sales and whether your strategies are driving them. Keep in mind, however, that cross merchandising is a game of trial and error. You will likely have to try many strategies and continue evolving them to keep your cross merchandising at its best.
Use the following strategies for driving and tracking your cross merchandising success:
Collect Sales Data & Identify Trends
The best way to understand how well your cross merchandising is working is by keeping track of your sales data. You will want to analyze how cross merchandised products are selling and look for shopping trends that you can emulate in your cross merchandising.
For example, say you have determined that the majority of shoppers who are buying pasta sauce are also buying pasta. This insight would lead you to cross merchandise these products. Or, say you had placed watering hoses in the seeds aisle at your home goods store but they are not being sold in this spot. This might lead you to place the watering hoses in the gardening tools section instead.
Some retailers choose to do this through observational data, especially in smaller storefronts. For larger retailers or those wanting an automated system, we recommend using an integrated point-of-sale (POS) system like Lightspeed. Lightspeed is a cloud-based system that monitors sales and offers built-in reports with data on inventory, employees, and more.
Observational Data: Insights on sales or other retail metrics like customer experience or employee sentiments based on the on-the-ground findings of you or a salesperson.
Research Your Competitors’ Strategies
Another way you can get insight into successful cross merchandising strategies is by researching what methods your competitors are using. These can be other small businesses, but you can also look to your industry’s leaders.
Industry leaders typically have corporate merchandising departments that are constantly researching best practices and monitoring their own success to inform every merchandising decision. Take advantage of their insights by visiting their stores and taking cross merchandising inspiration to drive your own sales.
For example, at my store, we sold bohemian-inspired casual clothing similar to Urban Outfitters and Free People. Our merchandising team would constantly visit Free People and Urban Outfitters to find inspiration and get insights into how these leaders were styling and setting up their stores.
Track Units Per Ticket (UPT)
Units per ticket, or the average number of units sold per transaction, is a great data point to help you understand how your overall cross merchandising is performing. Many businesses will track this number on a weekly or even daily basis.
If this number is going up, the number of products being sold in every transaction is increasing, and your cross merchandising initiative is performing well. If this number is going down, the number of units being sold per transaction is decreasing, and your cross merchandising initiative needs some reevaluation. UPT will not offer insights into specific products, but does give an overall picture of the efficacy of your cross merchandising techniques.
Cross Merchandising Use Cases by Industry
Any retailer can use cross merchandising to increase sales, but it will look different depending on the type of store. You will want to consider how your customers are shopping and their needs when devising a cross merchandising plan. These factors will look different depending on the industry, so cross merchandising strategies should also vary from retailer to retailer.
You will want to consider how you can incorporate cross merchandising strategies when planning your store layout. Check out our article for more information or download our step-by-step guide to plan your store layout.
When it comes to who is doing your merchandising, this will depend on your size. Larger businesses typically have central operations departments dedicated to testing and rolling out merchandising strategies. For small retailers, however, merchandising strategies and execution are generally the responsibility of the store owner or manager.
Cross merchandising is used in almost every type of retail store, including:
Since grocery shoppers often have a set shopping list, grocers will use cross merchandising primarily to facilitate an easy shopping experience. For example, placing chips with jalapeno peppers, avocados, and guacamole seasoning packets will make it easy for shoppers to get everything they need to make guacamole.
Following this “recipe format” is a popular technique to expedite and simplify the customer shopping experience. Think pasta sauce in the same aisle as pasta, and flour with the chocolate chips. There is also potential to spark meal inspiration here. Simply placing an array of ingredients together with some indication of how they work for a recipe is a great way to get grocery shoppers to try new products and increase your sales.
This grocer cross merchandised several different breakfast items, making it easy for customers to grab their morning essentials or to inspire a new meal.
(Source: Pinterest)
Box stores typically have a wide array of merchandise, and shoppers tend to have set wants as well as browsing tendencies. In this case, cross merchandising is used to facilitate an easy shopping experience. This includes installing seasonal or thematic product displays so timely products are at the forefront and putting complementary items close together so shoppers don’t have to search the entire store.
Big box stores aim to make the most relevant items easy to find—holiday displays are a great way to keep the timeliest products at the forefront. (Source: Pinterest)
When entering a convenience store, customers are generally coming for a specific product, so these retailers focus on cross merchandising to drive impulse buys. For example, displaying snacks on the side of a beverage refrigerator makes grabbing a bag of chips to go with your soda almost irresistible.
Snacks are hung on the side of a beverage refrigerator, making grabbing a snack and drink quick and easy.
(Source: Creative Display Works Inc.)
Shopping at boutiques is often a creative and exploratory experience for customers where, most often, they do not have set desires and are looking for inspiration. In this case, boutique retailers use cross merchandising to spark ideas through the use of displays, complementary product placement, and smart rack arrangements.
At my own store, there were countless times people would come through ready to buy but convinced they were unable to put an outfit together themselves. While sales associates were there to help, more often than not, these customers would end up buying an entire look off of a mannequin display out of convenience and assurance that the pieces would work well together.
These mannequins offer fantastic sources of inspiration for boutique shoppers and show them how multiple items can work in tandem. (Source: Business Object Tips)
Gift shops, particularly those in tourist destinations, are typically used by customers for browsing and, you guessed it, gift shopping. For this type of retailer, cross merchandising is used to create thematic displays and sell combinations of gift items. For example, a gift store might bundle a seaside scented candle with a decorative shell to sell as a combo gift.
Simone LeBlanc, an online gift retailer, has pre-bundled gift boxes to make gift giving easy for customers and promote multi-item purchases.
(Source: Simone LeBlanc)
Office supply stores sell a wide variety of products that fall under an umbrella category. Shoppers tend to use these kinds of shops to get specific items while also browsing. Office supply stores use cross merchandising to introduce customers to new brands and innovative supplies by cross merchandising these items with staple products.
For example, say you are shopping for ballpoint pens. When you find the writing utensils aisle, there are bright displays for new, erasable pens and special notebook paper that does not bleed ink. You would have never seen these products had they not been right next to the tried and true Bic pens that you usually use, and you find that you can’t pass up getting one of those notepads.
New products from Post-it are displayed above their signature sticky notes. (Source: RockTennDisplays)
Bottom Line
Cross merchandising is the practice of displaying products from different categories together to increase sales. This product placement strategy increases sales by reminding customers of a need, offering a convenient solution, or sparking an idea. Cross merchandising typically requires some trial and error, and retailers need to pay close attention to their sales data and customer shopping patterns to cross merchandise effectively.
Merchandising will be a major part of starting your retail business, and cross merchandising is only one aspect of your entire merchandising strategy. You can check out our article on merchandising definitions and strategies to learn more about the other elements of merchandising, including product pricing and store layout, and how to implement them.
