What Is a Merchant Account? 2023 Guide for Small Businesses
Meaghan has provided content and guidance for indie retailers as the editor for a number of retail publications and a speaker at trade shows. She is Fit Small Business’s authority on retail and ecommerce.
Anna is a retail expert writer for Fit Small Business with over six years of evaluating dozens of software for small business. She holds a double degree in Accountancy and Financial Management and is currently pursuing further education in financial and payment technology.
This article is part of a larger series on Payments.
A merchant account is a bank account that allows businesses to accept funds from electronic payments including credit and debit cards.
Merchant accounts are used in conjunction with a payment processor, which facilitates the transaction. Most merchant account providers also offer payment processing services and are broadly referred to as merchant services or merchant account services.
Unlike traditional bank accounts, you cannot access funds directly from a merchant account. Instead, those funds are transferred to your regular business bank account. This process is usually automated and can take one to five business days.
Fortunately, getting and using a merchant account is not especially hard. Let’s go over the basics of a merchant account, how to get one, how to keep your payment processing costs down, and trends to watch for.
How Merchant Accounts Work
A merchant account works as a middle account between your customer’s bank account and your business bank account. You would need to sign up for a merchant account and payment processor. Then, you can start accepting payments, whether by having the customer put in their card information or having them swipe, dip, or tap their card. Online, some processors let your customers pay with the click of a button.
The merchant account then handles the work of requesting the money from your customer’s card issuer and bank, which, in many cases, includes fraud checks and authenticating the account. Then, the money is transferred to the merchant account.
It’s held in the merchant account until the transaction is completely cleared and is then forwarded to your personal bank account. Usually, this is the last step, with payouts being done on a daily or weekly schedule.
Our article on how payment processing works describes the process in greater detail.
How to Get a Merchant Account
Getting a merchant account can be as easy as filling out a form—but that does not guarantee you get the best account for your business. Before you pick the first one you see or even the cheapest, do a little research. For instance, if you make high-risk or high-volume sales, you may need a more specialized merchant account. These sometimes require a more in-depth application and approval process.
You would need to gather your business information, such as your employer identification number (EIN), to proceed with your application. Finally, order any equipment you need, and then you’re ready to process your first payment.
Download our free step-by-step guide to applying for a merchant account (including tips for getting the best rates). And continue reading for an overview on what to look for in a merchant account and how to apply.
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Merchant services cost between 2% and 4% of your sales, and some services require a commitment of a year or more. These considerations can help you avoid costly mistakes and get you the best plan for your business.
- Step 1: Determine what you need. At Fit Small Business, we’ve evaluated hundreds of payment processors, from all-in-one payment and point-of-sale (POS) systems like Square to high-risk providers like PaymentCloud. We know that a good fit is as important as the quality of service. Therefore, you should know what you want out of payment processing.
- Know your business: Are you in a high-risk industry? Do you have a history of chargebacks? Will you be online, in-store, or taking mobile payments?
- Know your processing history: How much do you process in a month? How often do you need payment processing? What kind of processing do you handle most (online, keyed-in, card swipe or chip, non-contact payments?). Do you have high- or low-ticket sales?
- Know your needs: Do you also need a POS system? If you have one, how easy is it to integrate the merchant service? Are you planning to grow your online presence? Do you need to integrate payments with other business software like Salesforce?
- What do your peers use? Ask friends in your industry (or check out competitors) and see what they use and if they’re satisfied.
Merchant accounts often come with other services like PCI compliance and encryption to increase security, and additional payment processing tools like ACH transfers, gift cards, customer loyalty programs, a payment gateway, and merchant cash advances. Some even have POS systems with software for managing your business.
- Step 2: Look for providers. Here are a few things to consider:
- Fees: Some offer a simple flat rate per transaction; others offer interchange-plus. Some have monthly membership fees. Others charge additional small fees. Be careful, as one of the most common user complaints is being nickel-and-dimed to death with hidden fees. Ask to see a contract and follow up on any fees you don’t understand.
- Fee structure: Is the transaction fee by percentage, by cents, or a combination? If you do mostly small-ticket sales, then a percentage fee may be cheaper than a straight cents-added fee.
- Contract length: Ideally, your merchant service has month-to-month plans. However, if you are purchasing or renting equipment, high-risk, or getting a really low rate, they may require a contract. These are notoriously hard to get out of, and expensive to forfeit.
- Services: Some merchant services include POS, virtual terminals, and more for free. Others charge for specific tools. There are even some that require a separate payment gateway, which then adds its own charge to your processing fees. Know exactly what solutions you need ahead of time so you can get specific estimates.
- Quality of its apps: If you plan to use its POS system or app, check out the user reviews. Look for ease of use, complaints about downtime, and reports of withheld funds. For mobile apps, pay attention to whether it supports your version of Android or iOS.
- Ease of use: Merchant services should be easy to integrate and use, with intuitive software and an online system that makes it easy to see how much you spend on fees. Customer support should be available when you need them, especially if they supply you with your POS system.
- Complaints: It pays to check the experience of other users. We recommend the Better Business Bureau and Capterra when it comes to user review research. Keep in mind that the bigger the business, the more numerous the complaints; for example, there are thousands of complaints about Square and PayPal withholding funds, yet they serve millions of customers and are highly rated. (For a good source for reports on withheld funds, check out Card Payment Options.)
- Step 3: Compare your top choices. Some make it easy because they list their prices and features right on the website. For those that don’t, you’ll need to call and give some basic information about your business. In those cases, always ask to see a sample contract and check the contract length along with fees you don’t understand.
The good news is many merchant services don’t have a long application process. In most cases, if they charge a flat rate, you can sign up for them right away.
Some merchant accounts require just basic information to get you started. (Source: Square)
Merchant services that offer interchange-plus pricing usually have a larger application and an approval process. Here’s how the process works:
- Step 1: Prep your materials. To make it faster, gather your information:
- Business contact information, including name, addresses, and DBAs
- How long you’ve been in business and your sales history (to help you get the best rates and plans)
- If you’ve used a credit card processor before and the information around it
- Financial information like tax ID, financial statements, bank accounts, and routing numbers
- Credit card to pay the application fee
- Step 2: Contact the credit card processor. Some let you apply online; others have you talk to a sales associate who can take your information, discuss your needs, and give you a quote. Once you submit the information, the merchant service will run a check on your personal and business credit history.
- Step 3: Wait for approval. This can take up to two weeks, though usually less if you don’t have a high-risk account.
Brick-and-mortar shops can see an increase in purchases by having a merchant account, as most people use cash only for small tickets. However, even solopreneurs making casual sales should consider it, as customers usually only pay cash when it’s under $25—and even those instances are declining.
Best Merchant Accounts
Now that you’ve decided on the kind of merchant account you need, here are some recommendations from our own research:
Best Merchant Accounts At a Glance
Best for | Monthly fees | In-person fees | Online transaction fees | Contract required? | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | All-around, retail | $0 | 2.6% + 10 cents | 2.9% + 30 cents | No | |
 | Online sales and integrations | $0 | 2.7% + 5 cents | 2.9% + 30 cents | No | |
 | Social sales, casual sales | $0 | 2.29% + 9 cents (through Zettle) | 3.49% + 49 cents | No | |
 | Retail | $0 | From Interchange + 0.30% + 8 cents | From Interchange + 0.50% + 25 cents | No | |
 | High-risk merchants | $25–$30 | 2.69%–4.25%, depending on risk | 2.69%–4.25%, depending on risk | At least 2-years (for high-risk) | |
 | High-volume sales | $99–$199+ | Interchange plus 8 cents* | Interchange plus 18 cents | No | |
 | Restaurants | $0–$199 | From Interchange + 5 cents* | From 2.9% + 30 cents* | No |
*Varies by subscription type
Still shopping for more options? If none of these satisfy your needs, check out the following articles:
- Best merchant services
- Best retail credit card companies
- Best payment processors for restaurants
- Best high-risk merchant services
- Best international merchant accounts
- Best mobile payment processors
- Best payment gateways
What’s a payment gateway? Payment gateway providers (like Authorize.net) may provide only the tool to connect with your merchant account or may provide merchant services as well.
Understanding Merchant Service Fees
Credit card processing fees can get complicated because there are so many entities involved, and because the fees are not standardized between different merchant service providers. So, the types of fees you pay with one company might be completely different from the structure another merchant service provider uses.
If you want to avoid a complex and potentially confusing fee structure, look for merchant accounts that provide flat rates like Square or Stripe. This kind of payment provider is what-you-see-is-what-you-get. Usually, the only additional fees are for chargebacks or extra services.
Essentially, processing fees include the following:
To learn more about different types of merchant service markups and what to expect for average processing rates, read our full guide on credit card processing fees.
How to Lower Credit Card Processing Fees
Here are some ways to get lower processing rates:
- Shop around. Do your research to find out who charges the lowest rates and which fee structure works for your average transactions.
- Ask. Sometimes your current business tools can negotiate their rates for you. This works especially well if you have a long and good relationship with your merchant services provider.
- Fight fraud. Look for ways to prevent chargebacks and other fraudulent activity so you don’t waste time and money on recovery. Many merchant services offer fraud protection tools, some free, some with an additional charge.
- Avoid chargeback fees. Not all chargebacks are because of fraud. Some are legitimate mistakes. Learn more in our article on how to prevent chargebacks.
- Implement surcharging. Credit card surcharging is the process of passing transaction fees on to customers. Learn more about it in our guide to credit card surcharging.
- Swipe when possible. Card-present transaction fees (swipe, chip, and NFC payments) are lower than online transaction fees because there is a reduced fraud risk. You can lower your fees by opting for these payment methods whenever possible.
Merchant Account & Payment Trends for 2023
COVID-19 has changed how we shop, and those changes are continuing even as the world recovers. Here are some trends you can look forward to—or prepare for—through 2023:
- Visa and Mastercard rate increases: Both Visa and Mastercard updated their rates in April 2022. This will mean increased rates for interchange-plus accounts at least and may have trickle-down effects on flat rates.
- ACH transactions: According to Nacha, consumers are increasingly looking for ACH, or bank-to-bank, transactions as a way to pay for items, including online. By the third quarter of 2022, $19.3 trillion of ACH payments have been processed. Not all merchant services offer this, so look for this feature, especially if you do B2B sales.
- Contactless payments: This continues to rise, and is becoming a standard. Many card readers, like Square and PayPal, already have NFC payment capabilities. Contactless payments are also more secure than traditional swipe or chip payments because of the encrypted microchips in mobile apps.
- Embedded finances/brands-as-banks: Well-known brands like Amazon and Google are starting to create their own payment services. Other stores, like Target, are creating debit cards. Merchants will need to be able to accept these new types of payments.
- Social shopping: Statista figures show that US social commerce sales will reach nearly $51.8 billion by the end of this year and $145.2 billion by 2028. According to SproutSocial, 45% of shoppers get excited about buying directly from their favorite platforms. Gen Z are the most enthusiastic (52% ready to buy). While PayPal is an easy way to add social selling, most merchant services are starting to enable social selling as well.
- Biometric authentication: The quest for increased security and multifactor identification is leading to the increased use of biometrics for verifying payments. BiometricUpdate.com reports on new technologies for facial and iris recognition and cards and banks adopting the technologies.
- Paying with crypto: Inside Intelligence says that by the end of 2022, 12.8% of US adults will own cryptocurrency, a rise of 19%. That’s 33.7 million in the US alone, with 3.6 million using their crypto to purchase items. Buying with bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies has started to move into the mainstream, and many payment processors, like PayPal, have been quick to adopt this new currency.
Check out these other sources to help you plan for the future:
- Our payment report on the state of payment processing for retail and ecommerce.
- Online shopping statistics for how consumers prefer to buy online.
- Buy Now, Pay Later statistics and how it impacts consumer purchasing decisions.
Bottom Line
If you are selling in today’s world, you need a merchant account. Getting one is pretty easy, but choosing the right merchant services provider for your small business takes some work if you want the best fit. It may be tempting to go with the first one recommended to you or the one with the lowest rates, but it’s important to think about security features, tech integrations, and chargeback management. Start by identifying your unique business needs and challenges, and then rank each option against your qualifications to make an informed, strategic decision.
You May Also Like…
- Learn what you need to accept credit cards online, including ways to accept credit cards online for minimal cost.
- If you’re interested in emerging payment trends, read about QR code payments and how to accept crypto as a business
- Square is one of the most popular payment processors for individuals and small businesses. Learn more about Square and why people love it.
- If you have a B2B operation, you’re likely eligible for lower processing fees. Learn more in our guide to B2B payments.
- Your merchant account or payment processor may also offer buy now, pay later solutions you can set up at the point of sale. Learn more about buy now, pay later and how it can help grow your business.
