As a small business owner, it is critical that you are involved in the financial management of your business. Here are my top nine bookkeeping and accounting tips to keep things simple and to help you understand how accounting information can increase the success of your business.
Bookkeeping Tips You’ll Learn in This Article
- Keep business and personal finances separate
- Pay yourself a salary
- Reimburse yourself for expenses
- Track and reimburse business mileage
- Keep your receipts
- Outsource payroll
- Hire a pro to set up your accounting software
- Assign bookkeeping tasks
- Analyze your accounting reports
Why Bookkeeping Is Important
Bookkeeping is more than a necessary evil. An accurate, robust accounting system is valuable. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that 20% of new businesses fail within the first year, and 50% fail within the first five years. Experts surveyed by researchers from Griffith University believe that an important factor in determining a small business’ survival is the owner’s financial literacy, including their knowledge of accounting software. You don’t need to do the bookkeeping yourself, but you need to understand how to organize your business to make the bookkeeping more efficient and accurate.
Good Bookkeeping Starts With How the Business is Operated
Most of my bookkeeping and accounting tips have nothing to do with the bookkeeping system itself but, rather, how you conduct your business. Good bookkeeping is not based on a box of invoices and receipts but, rather, bank and credit card statements. A bookkeeper will record all the transactions in your bank and credit card accounts and then perform a reconciliation between your books and bank statements. This reconciliation is how they know that all the transactions have been recorded at the proper amount.
A “Golden Rule” for bookkeeping: Every business transaction, and no personal transactions, should flow through your business bank and credit card accounts.
Many of the following tips help you follow this Golden Rule.
Top 9 Bookkeeping and Accounting Tips
1. Keep Business and Personal Finances Separate
This is a restatement of the Golden Rule given above. Unfortunately, it’s one of the most violated rules. Even if you are self-employed or a freelancer, I highly recommend you have separate bank and credit card accounts that are used exclusively for business.
By eliminating all personal transactions from your business accounts, you will reduce greatly the number of transactions your bookkeeper must categorize and reconcile. I’ve personally done the bookkeeping for several small businesses where more than half of the transactions in their “business” accounts were personal. Sorting through your personal transactions is time-consuming, expensive, and can lead to mistakes.
2. Pay Yourself a Salary
Owners of C-corporations and S-corporations must pay themselves a reasonable salary and run it through the payroll system like any other employee. However, I suggest that self-employed owners, freelancers, and partners also pay themselves a “salary” although, technically, it will be an owner’s draw and not included in payroll.
Paying yourself a salary reinforces the notion that your business is a separate entity and reduces the need for you to violate the Golden Rule by having your business pay your personal expenses directly. Instead of numerous transactions during the month where the business pays an expense on your behalf, have the business write you one check per month that you deposit into a separate account used to pay your personal expenses.
3. Reimburse Yourself for Business Expenses
Despite your best efforts, there will be times when you pay for a business expense with personal funds. Remember, the Golden Rule says these business expenses should appear in your business bank account. To do so, have the company write you a check to reimburse the expense you paid with personal funds. This should be a separate check from your monthly salary.
The process for reimbursing yourself should be the same as for employees. List the expenses along with the date, vendor, and purpose on a spreadsheet and attach the receipts. Your business then writes you a check for the exact amount. While this is a bit of a hassle, it will guarantee your bookkeeper deducts the expenses since they were paid with a check from the business account.
4. Track and Reimburse Business Mileage
Your business can deduct a standard rate per mile (57.5 cents for 2020) for any business mileage you drive using your personal vehicle. Track the date, miles, and purpose of each business trip and submit it for reimbursement with your monthly expenses as explained in tip three above.
The business should not directly pay any expenses of your personal vehicle, even for fuel that will be used entirely for business. You should use the 57.5 cents per mile received from the company to pay for your fuel and maintenance.
5. Keep Your Receipts
While bookkeeping systems don’t rely on receipts to identify transactions, the IRS does require receipts for all tax deductions. An old-fashioned method of keeping receipts is to have a file folder for each vendor where you place paper receipts. A newer method is to scan receipts and attach an electronic copy of the receipt to the transaction within your bookkeeping software. This is a pretty nice function that many accounting programs include for free.
6. Outsource Payroll
According to a study by Wasp Barcode Technologies, 50% of small businesses outsource their payroll accounting. I highly recommend you do the same. Issuing paychecks, withholding employee taxes, and filing payroll tax returns is a cumbersome process that can be outsourced easily for a reasonable price. Many payroll providers even integrate with your accounting software so that the necessary accounting entries are loaded automatically.
If you do outsource payroll, I recommend opening a separate business checking account dedicated solely to payroll so that your payroll provider doesn’t have access to your primary account. In addition, when times are tough, you can ensure there is money in the payroll account, even if your primary account is overdrawn. There are few things worse for employee morale than bouncing payroll checks.
7. Hire a Pro to Set Up Your Accounting Software
There are many great choices for small business accounting software but setting up accounting software properly is complicated. The better the software is tailored to your business, the easier and more beneficial it will be to use. Approximately 82% of experts surveyed believe that the initial setup of a computer accounting system for small businesses should be done by a professional.
Hire a pro to customize your chart of accounts, products and services, customers, vendors, and invoices. Be sure to have them show you how to make changes to these lists as necessary. Once these lists are complete, everyday transactions like issuing invoices and paying bills are very easy.
8. Assign Bookkeeping Tasks
The first seven bookkeeping and accounting tips above apply to all small business owners whether they do the bookkeeping themselves or outsource the bookkeeping to a professional. Now, it’s time to decide how much of the work you will do yourself. Here is a list of some major bookkeeping tasks and my recommendation for a new small business:
Bookkeeping Task | Suggested Frequency | Assign to |
|---|---|---|
Issue Invoices to Customers | Weekly | Owner or employee |
Record Customer Payments Received | Weekly | Owner or employee |
Deposit Customer Payments in Bank | Weekly | Owner or employee |
Record Vendor Invoices Received | Weekly | Owner or employee |
Issue Checks to Pay Vendors | Weekly | Owner or employee |
Record Credit Card Charges | Weekly | Owner or employee |
Reconcile Credit Card and Bank Account Transactions to Statements | Monthly | Bookkeeping firm |
Close Books to Prevent Further Entries | Monthly | Bookkeeping firm |
Produce Monthly Financial Statements | Monthly | Bookkeeping firm |
Many of the bookkeeping tasks are an integral part of your business like issuing invoices and paying bills. These tasks are hard to outsource. However, other tasks like closing the books, reconciling accounts, and producing financial statements are outside your normal business operations and might be best left to a professional.
I recommend that a new owner personally perform, at least initially, the weekly tasks to become familiar with the software. If you’re using QuickBooks Online, we have some great free QuickBooks Online tutorials to get you started. As your company grows, these weekly tasks should be transferred to an office employee to become possible daily tasks.
9. Analyze Your Accounting Reports
Don’t rely on your bookkeeper to analyze your accounting reports. Their job is to input data into the software. It’s the manager’s job to examine the output of the accounting system to help manage the business. Small businesses often struggle with cash flow, and there are a few simple accounting reports that can help you:
- Aged accounts receivable (A/R): This report shows you how much each customer owes you and whether the debt is current or overdue. In addition to indicating when you should contact the customer concerning payment, the report will give you a pretty good idea of how much cash you should collect in the near future.
- Aged accounts payable (A/P): Here, you can see how much you owe each of your vendors and when it is due. This helps you see future cash flow needs and anticipate cash flow shortages that should be addressed immediately.
- Cash flow statement: The cash flow statement separates your cash flow by operating, investing, and financing activities. Negative cash flow from operations is potentially a serious problem that needs to be addressed.
About 82% of experts say that small business owners should know how to produce and understand financial statements from their computer accounting software. It’s important that you know how to generate these statements yourself so that you can review them at least weekly.
Bottom Line
Small business owners cannot eliminate the headache of bookkeeping by merely outsourcing the function. As explained in these nine bookkeeping and accounting tips, good bookkeeping and accounting are about how you organize and operate your business, which is something only the owner can do.
