To start a consignment shop, you’ll need a prime storefront and a strategy for acquiring customers and merchandise. Starting a consignment store can cost more than $10,000, with average salaries for consignment shop owners ranging from $40,000 to $60,000. Successful consignment entrepreneurs are creative, crafty, and typically choose a niche for their store.
When starting a consignment business, opening a business checking account allows you to purchase and sell products without getting your personal finances tangled into the mix. Chase Business Checking offers small business bank accounts with competitive fee structures and unlimited cash deposits. First-time Chase Total Business Checking account holders are being offered up to a $300 bonus for opening a new account. Visit Chase to sign up.
Here’s how to start a consignment shop ― as a brick-and-mortar store ― in nine steps.
1. Choose the Right Type of Consignment Shop
If you’re wondering how to start a consignment shop, the first step is to narrow down exactly what kind of store you want to open. There are many different kinds of consignment shops. The most successful stores cater to a specific audience and have a specialty or focus area that helps them stand out from other online or offline retail competitors. To make the most money with your new business, choose a product area that is in high demand and/or hard to find, to lure shoppers into your store.
Designer Goods Consignment
Luxury and designer goods are popular consignment items. Shoppers can purchase products that may otherwise be outside their budgets. People looking to get rid of gently worn designer products often opt to sell them to a consignment store rather than donating to get a partial return on their investment.
The apparel resale market will hit $41 billion by 2022, according to ThredUP
Used Bookstore
Secondhand books are another popular consignment category. In addition to regular paperbacks and hardcover books, some used bookstores deal in rare books, such as antiques and signed copies, or specialty books like cookbooks and textbooks.
Children’s Wear
Clothing for children and babies is a popular and profitable type of consignment store. Since parents have to purchase clothes for growing children very often, many turn to secondhand stores as an affordable option. Plus, you will have a steady supply of parents looking to sell their children’s gently used clothes.
Online Consignment Shop
During the past several years, online consignment stores have become very popular, especially for apparel and accessories. Starting an online consignment shop gives you a wider customer base than a local store.
Pop-up Consignment Shop
If you’re not ready to commit to a full-time storefront, having a pop-up business is a great way to test products and locations before diving in. If you are looking to start a consignment business as a part-time venture or side gig, having temporary stores is a good option as well.
“My business partner and I started our seasonal pop-up consignment sale business two years ago. We love this approach to resale because it diminishes the overhead and time constraints of a traditional consignment shop, which allows us to both run this as a part-time endeavor and to offer higher commission rates to our consignors. For example, we set up a venue on Friday, have our consignors drop off items on Friday night, open for five to six hours of shopping on Saturday, then pack it up and walk away on Saturday night.”
― Jenna Morton, Co-founder, Grapevine Events
“My business partner and I started our seasonal pop-up consignment sale business two years ago. We love this approach to resale because it diminishes the overhead and time constraints of a traditional consignment shop, which allows us to both run this as a part-time endeavor and to offer higher commission rates to our consignors. For example, we set up a venue on Friday, have our consignors drop off items on Friday night, open for five to six hours of shopping on Saturday, then pack it up and walk away on Saturday night.”2. Create Your Consignment Shop’s Budget
Once you know what kind of store you want to open, the next step in how to start a consignment shop is setting a budget. To set your budget, first consider your current income and savings. What can you save and set aside for your new business venture? How much outside funding will you be able to get from personal loans, business loans, business credit cards, and so on? Opening a consignment business requires a lot of upfront cash. Once you’re open, it will still take time to build your sales volume.
Next, estimate your expenses for opening your store. Include how much you can spend on a storefront, outfitting the inside of your store, signs, and marketing, and your initial product purchase. Now, estimate your monthly expenses for once you open. Include set bills like rent, phones, internet, payment processing, and so on. However, also factor in advertising budgets, employee salaries, merchandise purchase orders, and other store supplies.
The hardest part of setting a budget for a business that is not yet open is predicting your monthly sales volume. This is especially hard for apparel and retail businesses as sales can fluctuate drastically, depending on the season, holiday, weather, economy, and consumer confidence. According to the Retail Owners Institute, used merchandise retailers had an average inventory turnover rate of five for 2018. That means they sold through and replaced all of their inventory a total of five times throughout the year.
Keep that number and your total inventory value in mind when estimating your monthly sales. Air on the side of caution, and plan for lower sales when you open, so that you have enough cash flow to cover expenses. Subtract your estimated monthly expenses from your estimated monthly sales, and that will give you an approximate monthly cash flow for when you open.
*Tip: Retail is an extremely seasonal business. The majority of retail businesses bring in a ton of money around Christmas and the winter holidays. There are also spikes in revenue around back to school shopping, and spring holidays such as Mother’s Day and Father’s Day. Your monthly sales can vary, so always have extra cash on hand to cover slower months.
3. Create a Business Plan for Your Consignment Shop
Once you figure out what kind of consignment shop you would like to open, you’ll need a solid business plan to piece together all of your ideas and form a strategy for making your store profitable. If you’re seeking outside or startup funding, such as a bank loan, your business plan will be evaluated during the approval process.
Here are the nine elements found in a typical business plan:
- Executive summary: An introductory paragraph outlining your consignment shop’s purpose, mission, and why it will be successful.
- Business description: Describe what need or market hole your consignment store is filling in the community, who your customers will be, and the talent on your team.
- Market analysis: Write an overall outlook on the consignment and resale industry including trends, what successful competitors are doing, and what your strengths will be.
- Organization and management: Outline who will be running your business and the experience your team members have in retail, consignment, or your store’s area of specialty.
- Product line: Outline what kinds of products you will sell, how you will sell them, and where your supply will come from. Include research on why you’re selecting those products, such as sales trend data.
- Marketing and sales: Describe your general marketing strategy and your plan for attracting and retaining customers.
- Funding requests: If you need outside funding, outline your needs and specify exactly how you will use the funds.
- Financial projections: Detail how your business will become stable and profitable, including a projected financial timeline of at least five years. If you are borrowing funds, include a plan on how you will be able to repay the loan.
- Appendix: Use this space for any supplemental documents, such as logo or branding designs, sketches of what your consignment shop will look like, credit histories, licenses, permits, etc.
When writing a business plan, use the format and software you are most comfortable with. Many people opt to use a traditional word processor like Microsoft Word or Google Docs. You can also create your business plan in a presentation format using PowerPoint. There are also business plan software programs that offer templates and guide you through the process.
― Deanna Thompson, Blogger, Closet Full of Cash
“Yes, if you want to be successful, you need to have a business plan. Make realistic projections on your costs and reverse engineer the sales you’d have to make to cover them. Speak with a CPA [certified public accountant] if you can, so you can get an objective opinion on whether your numbers make sense. The CPA can also counsel you on the best type of business you should set up, how you should handle sales taxes as well as whether you can write off donations of items you don’t sell.”Choose the Best Legal Structure
Choosing a legal structure for your consignment business is important because it dictates how you will collect and report taxes, your level of personal liability, and how you will get paid from your business. There are many types of legal structures, but the three most commonly found in retail are sole proprietorships, limited liability companies (LLCs), and corporations.
Sole Proprietorship
If you don’t set up a legal structure for your business, this is the default. Operating under a sole proprietorship essentially means you’re doing business as an individual and, therefore, are not separated from your business in any way. Sole proprietorships are popular options for freelancers, business consultants, and other individuals conducting low-risk and low-visibility work by themselves.
With sole proprietorships, your business revenue is considered personal income. This means you will pay sole proprietorship taxes based on your personal income bracket. While you are subject to self-employment taxes, you do not have to pay any corporate taxes, which is a plus.
However, sole proprietorships also come with greater risk because you and your business are one and the same. Your personal assets, such as your house and car, are at risk if there is any kind of lawsuit against your business or if you declare bankruptcy.
Limited Liability Company
LLCs are legal structures for small businesses that protect your personal assets, such as your house and car, in the case of lawsuits or business bankruptcy. This is the most popular legal structure for small retail businesses and the one we recommend if you are planning on maintaining a single consignment storefront.
If you are the single owner of the LLC, you will likely still pay taxes the same way you would as a sole proprietorship but with the benefit of having your personal assets protected from liability. However, many states have separate LLC taxes, which may make it more expensive than operating as a sole proprietor.
To form an LLC, you need to choose an official name and file paperwork to establish your company, whereas a sole proprietorship does not require any paperwork. Luckily, the paperwork is not overly extensive can be filed easily in a few steps using a tool like LegalZoom.
Corporation or C-corp
Corporations are the most structured legal form for your consignment business. They have strict tax guidelines. When you create a corporation, it’s a completely new and separate entity in the eyes of the government and the IRS.
Corporations are an ideal structure for consignment businesses that want to expand into multiple storefronts, become a public company, or want to secure a lot of outside funding. Corporations provide you the most personal liability protection out of the three legal structures. However, you will need to pay federal corporate tax on top of personal income tax. Corporations are also expensive to form and require you to keep detailed business records.
Organize Your Finances
No matter which legal structure you choose, getting your finances in order is a crucial step. This involves opening a business checking account to separate your personal and business finances right from the beginning. Having two separate accounts makes it easier to monitor your business’ cash flow and track expenses accurately and will make the process of filing taxes much easier.
Chase is a great banking solution for retailers because they offer small business checking, business credit cards, and merchant services ― payment processing ― so that business owners can manage all of their cash flow in one place. Plus, Chase offers competitive rates and great customer service. Contact Chase to learn more about their small business retail solutions.
4. Select a Storefront
Choosing a storefront is a critical step that needs to be considered carefully. The location you select can all but make or break your business. The decision can seem overwhelming. So, start by narrowing down a geographic location. You’ll be spending long hours at your consignment shop nearly every day when you first open. Think about how far you are realistically willing to commute and choose areas that are accessible from your home easily.
Spend time in each area to become familiar with specific neighborhood demographics and preferences, and to scope out other local businesses. There are many factors that go into choosing the right location for your business, but it all comes down to picking the location that will attract the most customers.
Choose a storefront that gets a lot of foot traffic for increased sales and visibility
Determining foot traffic can help you figure out how many walk-in customers you can expect in each location. In addition to staking out your prospective storefront locations, ask other local business owners questions about the traffic, shopper demographics, and neighborhood.
Additionally, consider details such as parking and signage. A Main Street location is ideal, but only if your customers can park near your store easily. Likewise, you’ll want a location that allows for a big storefront sign. Some locations have strict rules about the sizes and types of signage they allow.
5. Acquire Merchandise
Finding merchandise to sell at your consignment shop is trickier than finding products for traditional retailers. You’ll want to have a buying strategy in place before you open to ensure a steady stream of products to sell. It’s likely that you will use a combination of tactics to keep your store stocked.
Popular secondhand product sourcing strategies include:
- Joining the Association of Resale Professionals (NARTS): This professional organization connects resale buyers with suppliers through their directory.
- Advertising to potential consigners: Advertise in print and online regularly that you are purchasing gently used items. Many of your potential shoppers could also be suppliers.
- Purchasing from flea and thrift shops: You can find some great deals on products to sell in your store by searching through flea markets and other thrift stores.
- Finding an off-price supplier: Off-price products are not secondhand, but they are deeply discounted products that are either overstock or slightly damaged. You can find them through trade shows.
6. Design & Outfit Your Consignment Store
After securing a storefront and finding product sources, it’s time to start strategically planning your store layout. How you lay out your store can have a dramatic impact on in-store sales. A well-designed layout will welcome shoppers, make them feel comfortable, and direct them toward specific products.
The first thing you need to decide is what type of floor plan you want. Most retail stores fit into one of three basic layout categories:
- Loop or racetrack: Best for specialty stores, showrooms, and retailers that want to lead shoppers on a specific path throughout the store.
- Grid or straight: This floor plan is exactly what you would expect: straight, angular aisles that are typically found in grocery and box stores. A consignment bookstore may also follow this model.
- Free flow plan: This is a popular plan for boutiques and allows for lots of creativity in the design process. Most apparel or decor consignment shops will follow this model.
Finally, you will need to position your checkout counter. A well-positioned checkout will open up floor space for displaying products and encourage shoppers to move through more of your store. As a rule of thumb, try to position your checkout on the left-hand side of your store.
Shoppers naturally veer toward the right side of a store, so that’s where you want to display your best products. Some department stores and larger mall retailers place their checkout counters at the back of the store. However, for smaller retailers, placing your checkout toward the front makes it easier for staff to attend the register and keep an eye on the entrance.
Select a POS System
Point-of-sale (POS) systems are cloud-based software programs that replace traditional cash registers and offer additional tools such as inventory management, sales reports, and customer data and marketing. Your POS system is the central hub for your business through which all transactions will process. Look for a system that has all of the features you need, including payment processing, for an affordable rate.
Lightspeed Retail POS simplifies the process of running a retail store
Some of the criteria we use to evaluate POS systems include:
- Price: Most POS software programs charge a monthly fee, and some also charge extra for certain features.
- Ease of use: Test out each POS with a free demo or trial to make sure the interface is easy to navigate, and also read user reviews.
- Customer management tools: Almost all POS systems have a customer directory feature but, otherwise, they vary greatly in what loyalty, marketing, and customer feedback features are included.
- Sales reports: Every POS solution will have some kind of reporting tools, but some offer more details and features to create custom reports.
For brick-and-mortar stores we often recommend Lightspeed. It’s a small business POS but with big-business functionality with custom report builders, a loyalty program, and built-in payment processing. Visit Lightspeed for a 14-day free trial.
7. Advertise Your Consignment Shop
Before opening your consignment shop, you’ll need to start advertising. Because you’re on a budget, make sure your strategy is effective by choosing a combination of online and offline marketing efforts.
As a new small business owner, your friends and family will be cheering you on. Ask them to help you out by spreading the word about your consignment shop. About 92% of consumers believe suggestions from friends and family more than advertising, so word-of-mouth marketing can be a very powerful tool.
For customers to find your business, you’ll also need to have a website. Creating your own website from scratch can be easy with the right tools. There are many easy ways to make a business website for little or no cost. You need a registered domain and a web hosting service.
Olive My Stuff, a consignment shop in Connecticut, has a professional website with information on shopping and consigning
Once your consignment shop is up and running, loyalty programs are a great way to encourage repeat customers and higher transaction amounts. Simple punch cards can be effective. However, using a loyalty program that’s tied in with your POS system offers deeper insights like who is using the program and how effective it is. Lightspeed offers a sophisticated loyalty program that you can add onto Lightspeed POS for a monthly fee.
8. Hire & Train Employees
Last but certainly not least, before opening your store to the public you need to bring on a stellar group of employees to serve as the front lines of your business. If you haven’t hired an employee before, navigating the process can be intimidating. Follow a new hire checklist that outlines all of the gritty steps you need to take, such as obtaining an employer identification number (EIN), register for state and local taxes, and so on.
As a consignment store owner, it’s likely you won’t have a dedicated human resources (HR) team member. Using an all-in-one solution like Zenefits can save you plenty of time and stress by simplifying hiring, onboarding, payroll, and benefits all in one platform. Visit Zenefits for a free trial.
Training Your Employees
You’ll want your consignment store staff ready to provide top-notch customer service from the moment you open your business. Providing great customer service is a skill that requires practice. If you don’t start training your employees before you open, they’ll be practicing their service skills on your customers.
Instead, hold a weeklong training boot camp before you open. In addition to running through customer service scenarios and role-playing, teach employees about store policies and procedures, the items you’re selling, and any other pertinent information.
9. Plan and Launch Your Grand Opening
Hosting a grand opening celebration is a great way to kick off your new business venture while also gaining some press coverage. To have maximum attendance, recruit friends and family, draft a press release for local media and surrounding businesses, make a Facebook event, notify your local Chamber of Commerce, and take an advertisement out in the local paper.
― Thompson
Plan a grand opening to celebrate the launch of your new business
How to Start a Consignment Shop Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Opening and running a consignment shop can be a tricky business.
What is a consignment shop?
A consignment shop is a store that sells secondhand items, typically clothing and accessories. Consignment stores purchase gently used goods and resell them at a markup to make a profit.
How does a consignment shop work?
As the owner of the consignment shop, you will purchase secondhand goods from customers, professional suppliers, flea market vendors, and so on, and own those items until they are resold in your store for a higher price.
How much does it cost to open a consignment store?
The exact price can vary a lot depending on your location and local real estate prices. However, opening a consignment store will cost roughly $10,000.
Why do consignment stores fail?
Part of learning how to start a consignment shop is figuring out what not to do. There are many reasons why a consignment shop could fail. Common reasons include choosing the wrong storefront location, not having in-demand products, too-small profit margins, and insufficient marketing.
Bottom Line
As of 2018, the National Association of Resale and Thrift Shops estimates that the resale and consignment industry in the United States generates annual revenues of about $17 billion. The apparel section of the resale market alone is projected to be worth $41 billion by 2022. So, there’s never been a better time to start a consignment shop.
To have a profitable consignment business, you’ll need to be organized and have all the right tools in place. Having a dedicated business checking account makes it easier to report taxes, track expenses, and manage income. Chase Business Checking offers affordable solutions with convenient bank locations. First-time Chase Total Business Checking account holders are being offered up to a $300 bonus for opening a new account. Visit Chase to sign up.
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